The water-energy-food nexus is creating a complicated challenge for China and the world. Energy development requires water. Moving and cleaning water requires energy. Food production at all stages—from irrigation to distribution—requires water and energy. As the most populous country and the world’s manufacturing hub, China demands all three resources in ever increasing amounts, leading to shortages that are creating serious choke points to the country’s development. Pressure on water is at the heart of these resource constraints facing China. While there are no easy solutions to these water-energy-food issues, this Roadmap aims to spark discussions and debates empowering Chinese stakeholders and their partners to explore appropriate frameworks to address China’s water-energy-food chokepoints.